Showing posts with label Scottsbluff Nebraska. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Scottsbluff Nebraska. Show all posts

Saturday, November 26, 2022

Thursday, November 26, 1942. Casablanca premiers, Battle of Brisbane

When I first posted this (written yesterday, went up early this morning) I failed to appreciate that this was Thanksgiving Day for 1942.

Now, of course, most of the day is gone.

Usually when something like this comes up, I ponder on what that must have meant for my family at the time, so I've added that below.



The legendary film Casablanca, truly one of the best movies ever filmed, premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York in advance of its general release.

The movie is a fantastic film that holds up today.  Amazingly, the film as we know it barely came together, with casting changes and the like.  Paul Henreid proved aloof during the film, regarding the other actors as lessors, and the film was overall one that shouldn't have worked out as well as it truly did.

It's one of my favorite films.

Today In Wyoming's History: November 261942  Lusk announces they will forgo outdoor Christmas lights in accordance with a request from the War Production Board.  Attribution.  Wyoming History Calendar.

Riots broke out in Brisbane, Australia, between US servicemen and Australian servicemen.

This was not a minor incident, and one Australian serviceman was killed.  While generally Americans and Australians got along well, the disproportionately high pay of American serviceman was a source of problems all over the world, as merchants would cater to them, and it gave them an advantage with local women.  American soldiers were also freer with physical affection towards Australian women which offended Australians even though, ironically, the culture was much more libertine in the same arena behind closed doors.  

Additionally, Americans were dismissive of Australian soldiers in general, even though at the time they were all volunteer and had served in the war since 1939.  Australians were disdainful in turn of Americans who had, right up until about this time, a record of defeat.

The whole thing came to a head, resulting in two days of riots, the news of which was later suppressed.

President Franklin Roosevelt ordered gasoline rationing expanded to include the entire United States, effective December 1.

Speaking of a situation that involved the use of fuel, German 6th Army Commander Paulus, trapped at Stalingrad with his troops, wrote to his superior, Von Manstein, as follows:
For the past thirty-six hours I had received no orders or information from a higher level. In a few hours I was liable to be confronted with the following situation:
(a) Either I must remain in position on my western and northern fronts and very soon see the army front rolled up from behind (in which case I should formally be complying with the orders issued to me), or else

(b) I must make the only possible decision and turn with all my might on the enemy who was about to stab the army from behind. In the latter event, clearly, the eastern and northem fronts can no longer be held and it an only be a matter of breaking through to the south-west.

In case of (b) I should admittedly be doing justice to the situation but should also - for the second time - be guilty of disobeying an order.

(3) In this difficult situation I sent the Fuhrer a signal asking for freedom to take such a final decision if it should become necessary. I wanted to have this authority in order to guard against issuing the only possible order in that situation too late.
...
The airlift of the last three days has brought only a fraction of the calculated minimum requirement (600 tons = 300 Ju daily). In the very next few days supplies can lead to a crisis of the utmost gravity.

I still believe, however, that the army can hold out for a time. On the other hand - even if anything like a corridor is cut through to me - it is still not possible to tell whether the daily increasing weakness of the army, combined with the lack of accommodation and wood for constructional and heating purposes, will allow the area around Stalingrad to be held for any length of time.
While Paulus was asking for freedom of action, in Von Manstein's view the 6th Army lacked sufficient fuel to accomplish even minor movements, making a breakout by the 6th Army impossible.

As noted, this was Thanksgiving Day for 1942.

That is, US Thanksgiving Day.

Unlike Americans seem to think, most countries have a Thanksgiving of some sort.  It's very common for Christian countries. The U.S. can't really claim to have had "the first Thanksgiving", although we do.

However, not all countries have Thanksgiving on the same day by any means, so this was the holiday date for the U.S. in 1942.

On this day I know my father's family would have gathered for a Thanksgiving Dinner and it would have been the traditional type, turkey, etc.  It likely would have been, however, just my father's immediate family, but which I mean his parents and siblings.  No aunts or uncles lived nearby, they were living in Scotsbluff, and the grandparents were in Denver and Iowa respectively.

My father and his siblings would have been on a holiday break from school of course.  It was the first Thanksgiving of the war, but none of them were old enough to really be directly impacted by it yet.

Saturday, January 1, 2022

Thursday, January 1, 1942. Birth of the United Nations, an Automobile Manufacturing Hiatus.

President Roosevelt had declared New Year's Day, 1942, a National Day of Prayer.  He and Winston Churchill attended church together.

It was otherwise a working day for both men, on a day that's traditionally a holiday.

Boy Scouts with United Nations poster in 1943.

On that day, the Arcadia Conference produced the Declaration of the United Nations.

Signing of the declaration.

It stated:
A JOINT DECLARATION BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, CANADA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DOMICAN REPUBLIC, EL SALVADOR, GREECE, GUATELMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, INDIA, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, POLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, YUGOSLAVIA
The Governments signatory hereto,
Having subscribed to a common program of purposes and principles embodied in the Joint Declaration of the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Great Britain dated August 14, 1941, known as the Atlantic Charter,
Being convinced that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own lands as well as in other lands, and that they are now engaged in a common struggle against savage and brutal forces seeking to subjugate the world,
Declare:
(1) Each Government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic, against those members of the Tripartite Pact and its adherents with which such government is at war.
(2) Each Government pledges itself to cooperate with the Governments signatory hereto and not to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies.
The foregoing declaration may be adhered to by other nations which are, or which may be, rendering material assistance and contributions in the struggle for victory over Hitlerism.
More nations would join in the document, which was effectively the creation of the United Nations, as the war went on.


While the UN has had a rocky history since World War Two, its origin was remarkable and does suggest that most of the world's nations can unite for a crisis.

On the same day, a significant event happened in terms of the US war effort and life on the home front, as discussed here on our companion blog Today In Wyoming's History: January 1. New Year's Day:

1942 The U.S. Office of Production Management prohibited sales of new cars and trucks to civilians.

The reason was simple enough, the war industry had gone over to war manufacturing, and not just of vehicles, but armaments and other war materials as well.

There actually are 1942 model vehicles, as they came out in 1941.  Detroit actually had produced about 1,000,000 combined 1942 models before this day, about 1/4 of the number of vehicles they produced as 1941 models.  Production of civilian automobiles would not resume, however, until the summer of 1945, and the 1946 models were actually the 1942 models.

The cessation of civilian vehicles, while predictable, did catch people off guard.  In truth, vehicles made prior to the late 20th Century really didn't last very long, something that is hard for people today to really appreciate.  For this reason, vehicles that were even a decade, or less, old at the time, were in fact old.  The cessation of production meant that for many Americans who had just come out of the Great Depression the needed to replace a vehicle was converted into a need to keep an old one running.


Interestingly civilian manufacturers at the same time worried that their conversion into war industries would mean that they'd be forgotten and lose market share following the war.  This was true of manufacturers in every sector, not just the automobile sector.

Manufactureers took different approches in the war, with some simply seeking to recall brand loyalty or even inspire longing.


But providing examples of what they were building was also extremely common.


The very late 1940s had seen an evolution in car design, with vehicles becoming more rounded.  The war itself, however, would introduce all the major manufacturers to off-road vehicles in a new way, something that impacted various manufacturers in different ways, and which is something that they didn't at first quite know what to do with in terms of their post-war production.  Indeed, Willys, as late as 1943, was still emphasizing that post-war it would be making cars again.

Ultimately two manufacturers, Dodge and Willys, would come to embrace their wartime vehicles, with Willys not only realizing that its post-war future was with the Jeep, but with it also seeking to capitalize on that during the war itself.




Indeed, Willys would start advertising for civilian sales of the Jeep before it could make civilian sales, emphasizing its off-road capabilities, although often in ways that didn't really match what would become its post-war market.  At first, for example, it was often shown pulling a plow.


It would also, however, feature such items as a letter from a girl asking for Jeep advertisement illustrations.

It might be noted, interestingly enough, German manufacturers, perhaps with the same concerns, also advertised in German journals during the war.


Their advertisements tended to be very martial, not too surprisingly.


In terms of illustrated magazines, Vogue magazine declared it a "New Year, New Vistas, New Fashions".

That would be true in all sorts of ways. . . save for civilian automobiles.

The usual football bowl games were played, although the Rose Bowl was played in Durham, North Carolina, out of a fear that the Japanese would attack.

Closer to Home.

Again, I don't know for sure what my parents would have done on this day, but for Catholics it the Solemnity of Mary, a Holy Day of Obligation.  If they hadn't gone to Mass the night prior, in their respective localities, they would have today.

My father, living in Scotsbluff, Nebraska at the time, may very well have gone duck and goose hunting with his father later in the day.  At any rate, he and they probably would have listened to one of the football games that were broadcast on the radio.